21q. the maintenance of posture in a normal adult human being depends upon ?
- integrity of reflex arc
- muscle power
- type of muscle fibers
- joint movements in physiological range
answer: a .
22q. blood brain barrier is present at all of the following sites except ?
- hebencular nucleus
- subfornical organ
- cerebellum
- pontine nucleus
answer: b . subfornical organ . the sites outside the BBB are MEDIAN EMINENCE OF HYPOTHALAMUS, SUBFORNICAL ORGAN, ORGANUM VASCULOSUM OF LAMINA TERMINALIS ( OVLT, SUPRAOPTIC CREST ), AREA POSTREMA, POSTERIOR PITUITARY ( NEUROHYPOPHYSIS ) . ( mnemonic – Marble SOAP ) . sites which are closely related to the brain but are not part of it and are outside the BBB are anterior pituitary and pineal gland .
23q. mechanism of analgesia is by ?
- nociceptin stimulation
- nocistatin stimulation
- O.L.R.I
- Anadamide receptors
- Nicotinic and cholinergic receptors
Answer: b , d and e . nocistatin stimulation, anadamide receptors, nicotinic and cholinergic receptors .
24q. flocculonodular lobe has direct connection with ?
- red nucleus
- inferior olivary nucleus
- vestibular nucleus
- dentate nucleus
answer: c . vestibular nucleus . flocculonodular lobe constitutes the vestibulo-cerebellum . output from flocculonodular lobe goes directly to the brainstem, bypassing the deep cerebellar nuclei and is concerned with maintenance of equilibrium . vestibule cerebellum includes flocculus and nodule in the vermis so also called flocculonodular lobe .
25q. cerebellar connection to other parts of the brain is projected through which cell?
- golgi cells
- basket cells
- purkinje cells
- oligodendrocytes
answer: c . purkinje cells .
26q. output from cerebellum is solely from ?
- basket cells
- granular cells
- treitz cells
- purkinje cells
answer: d. purkinje cells .
27q. non shivering thermogenesis in adults is due to ?
- thyroid hormone
- brown fat between the shoulders
- noradrenaline
- muscle metabolism
answer: c . noradrenaline .
28q. non-shivering thermogenesis is mediated by ?
- alpha 1 receptor
- beta 2 receptor
- beta 3 receptor
- UCP-2
- UCP-1
Answer: c and e .
29q. in human beings , the least useful physiological response to low environment temperature is ?
- shivering
- vasoconstriction
- release of thyroxine
- piloerection
answer: d .
30q. the hormone associated with cold adaptation is ?
- growth hormone
- thyroxine
- insulin
- MSH
Answer: b . thyroxine .
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