9 - physiology new mcqs -part 3

21q. the maintenance of posture in a normal adult human being depends upon ?

 

1. integrity of reflex arc
2. muscle power
3. type of muscle fibers
4. joint movements in physiological range

 

answer: a .

 

22q. blood brain barrier is present at all of the following sites except ?

 

1. hebencular nucleus
2. subfornical organ
3. cerebellum
4. pontine nucleus

 

answer: b . subfornical organ . the sites outside the BBB are MEDIAN EMINENCE OF HYPOTHALAMUS, SUBFORNICAL ORGAN, ORGANUM  VASCULOSUM OF LAMINA TERMINALIS ( OVLT, SUPRAOPTIC CREST ), AREA POSTREMA, POSTERIOR PITUITARY ( NEUROHYPOPHYSIS ) . ( mnemonic – Marble SOAP ) . sites which are closely related to the brain but are not part of it and are outside the BBB are anterior pituitary and pineal gland .

 

23q. mechanism of analgesia is by ?

 

1. nociceptin stimulation
2. nocistatin stimulation
3. O.L.R.I
4. Anadamide receptors
5. Nicotinic and cholinergic receptors

 

Answer: b , d and e . nocistatin stimulation, anadamide receptors, nicotinic and cholinergic receptors .

 

24q. flocculonodular lobe has direct connection with ?

 

1. red nucleus
2. inferior olivary nucleus
3. vestibular nucleus
4. dentate nucleus

 

answer: c . vestibular nucleus . flocculonodular lobe constitutes the vestibulo-cerebellum . output from flocculonodular lobe goes directly to the brainstem, bypassing the deep cerebellar nuclei and is concerned with maintenance of equilibrium . vestibule cerebellum includes flocculus and nodule in the vermis so also called flocculonodular lobe .

 

25q. cerebellar connection to other parts of the brain is projected through which cell?

 

1. golgi cells
2. basket cells
3. purkinje cells
4. oligodendrocytes

 

answer: c . purkinje cells .

 

26q. output from cerebellum is solely from ?

 

1. basket cells
2. granular cells
3. treitz cells
4. purkinje cells

 

answer: d. purkinje cells .

 

27q. non shivering thermogenesis in adults is due to ?

 

1. thyroid hormone
2. brown fat between the shoulders
3. noradrenaline
4. muscle metabolism

 

answer: c . noradrenaline .

 

28q. non-shivering thermogenesis is mediated by ?

 

1. alpha 1 receptor
2. beta 2 receptor
3. beta 3 receptor
4. UCP-2
5. UCP-1

 

Answer: c and e .

 

29q. in human beings , the least useful physiological response to low environment temperature is ?

 

1. shivering
2. vasoconstriction
3. release of thyroxine
4. piloerection

 

answer: d .

 

30q. the hormone associated with cold adaptation is ?

 

1. growth hormone
2. thyroxine
3. insulin
4. MSH

 

Answer: b . thyroxine .