Sunday, January 18, 2009

9 - physiology new mcqs -part 3

21q. the maintenance of posture in a normal adult human being depends upon ?

 

  1. integrity of reflex arc
  2. muscle power
  3. type of muscle fibers
  4. joint movements in physiological range

 

answer: a .

 

22q. blood brain barrier is present at all of the following sites except ?

 

  1. hebencular nucleus
  2. subfornical organ
  3. cerebellum
  4. pontine nucleus

 

answer: b . subfornical organ . the sites outside the BBB are MEDIAN EMINENCE OF HYPOTHALAMUS, SUBFORNICAL ORGAN, ORGANUM  VASCULOSUM OF LAMINA TERMINALIS ( OVLT, SUPRAOPTIC CREST ), AREA POSTREMA, POSTERIOR PITUITARY ( NEUROHYPOPHYSIS ) . ( mnemonic – Marble SOAP ) . sites which are closely related to the brain but are not part of it and are outside the BBB are anterior pituitary and pineal gland .

 

23q. mechanism of analgesia is by ?

 

  1. nociceptin stimulation
  2. nocistatin stimulation
  3. O.L.R.I
  4. Anadamide receptors
  5. Nicotinic and cholinergic receptors

 

Answer: b , d and e . nocistatin stimulation, anadamide receptors, nicotinic and cholinergic receptors .

 

24q. flocculonodular lobe has direct connection with ?

 

  1. red nucleus
  2. inferior olivary nucleus
  3. vestibular nucleus
  4. dentate nucleus

 

answer: c . vestibular nucleus . flocculonodular lobe constitutes the vestibulo-cerebellum . output from flocculonodular lobe goes directly to the brainstem, bypassing the deep cerebellar nuclei and is concerned with maintenance of equilibrium . vestibule cerebellum includes flocculus and nodule in the vermis so also called flocculonodular lobe .

 

25q. cerebellar connection to other parts of the brain is projected through which cell?

 

  1. golgi cells
  2. basket cells
  3. purkinje cells
  4. oligodendrocytes

 

answer: c . purkinje cells .

 

26q. output from cerebellum is solely from ?

 

  1. basket cells
  2. granular cells
  3. treitz cells
  4. purkinje cells

 

answer: d. purkinje cells .

 

27q. non shivering thermogenesis in adults is due to ?

 

  1. thyroid hormone
  2. brown fat between the shoulders
  3. noradrenaline
  4. muscle metabolism

 

answer: c . noradrenaline .

 

28q. non-shivering thermogenesis is mediated by ?

 

  1. alpha 1 receptor
  2. beta 2 receptor
  3. beta 3 receptor
  4. UCP-2
  5. UCP-1

 

Answer: c and e .

 

29q. in human beings , the least useful physiological response to low environment temperature is ?

 

  1. shivering
  2. vasoconstriction
  3. release of thyroxine
  4. piloerection

 

answer: d .

 

30q. the hormone associated with cold adaptation is ?

 

  1. growth hormone
  2. thyroxine
  3. insulin
  4. MSH

 

Answer: b . thyroxine .

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